Eczema in children

Emollients are the foundation

Moisturiser is treatment, not cosmetics. Apply a generous emollient at least twice a day, and always after bathing, even when the skin looks clear. Smooth it downwards in the direction of hair growth rather than rubbing in. Use a soap substitute instead of soap, bubble bath or shower gel.

Treating flares

Topical steroids used correctly are safe and effective. The common mistake is using too little, too late, for too short a time - an under-treated flare drags on and needs more steroid overall. Use the strength your clinician advises for the body area, continue for 48 hours after the skin settles, and apply emollient generously alongside.

Reducing triggers

• Keep nails short; cotton mittens or clothing at night can reduce night-time scratching.
• Avoid wool and synthetic fabrics next to the skin.
• Keep bedrooms cool - overheating is a very common trigger.
• Use non-biological detergent and skip fabric conditioner.
• Be cautious with 'natural' creams and essential oils, which often irritate.

Infected eczema

Weeping, yellow crusting, rapidly worsening redness, pain or fever suggest bacterial infection and need same-day medical review. Clusters of painful blisters, particularly with a cold sore in the household, need urgent attention.